Part 2 — Answer key

Compare your answers after you have finished Part 1.

1. In many precolonial lowland communities, who typically headed a barangay?
   Datu
2. Lapu-Lapu is remembered for resisting Magellan’s forces at Mactan.
   True
3. Which place is most associated with Legazpi’s first permanent Spanish settlement in the Philippines?
   Cebu
4. The Philippine Declaration of Independence was made in Kawit on July 4, 1946.
   False
5. Which artifact is often cited as the earliest dated written record found in the Philippines?
   Laguna Copperplate Inscription
6. Polo y servicio required Filipino males to render forced labor for colonial projects for a set number of days.
   True
7. The Manila galleon trade mainly connected Manila with which American port?
   Acapulco
8. La Solidaridad is best known as the newspaper of which group?
   Propaganda Movement
9. Andres Bonifacio founded La Solidaridad.
   False
10. The Dagohoy Revolt is most strongly associated with which province?
    Bohol
11. Diego Silang is most closely associated with uprisings in which region?
    Ilocos
12. The Jones Law (Philippine Autonomy Act) promised eventual Philippine independence.
    True
13. Who was the first President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines?
    Manuel L. Quezon
14. During the Japanese occupation, Jose P. Laurel served as president of the Japanese-sponsored republic.
    True
15. The Bataan Death March happened after which event?
    Surrender of Bataan
16. You’re reviewing a note that says, “Three Filipino priests were executed after the Cavite Mutiny, and their deaths fueled nationalism.” Which set of names matches that note?
    Gomez, Burgos, Zamora
17. British forces occupied Manila for roughly two years during the Seven Years’ War.
    True
18. A timeline note reads, “A secret society formed soon after Rizal was arrested and exiled, shifting nationalism from petitions to mobilization.” Which event best fits what immediately preceded the Katipunan’s founding?
    Rizal’s arrest and exile to Dapitan
19. You’re sorting flashcards into “reform through writing” versus “revolution through armed struggle.” Which person best fits the Propaganda Movement side?
    Marcelo H. del Pilar
20. The Malolos Constitution set up a U.S.-style presidential system with a separately elected executive and congress.
    False
21. Which agreement formally transferred the Philippines from Spain to the United States after the Spanish-American War?
    Treaty of Paris
22. A historical marker says, “Fighting erupted after a shot was fired between U.S. and Filipino forces near Manila.” Which event is being described?
    A shot fired between U.S. and Filipino patrols near San Juan, Manila
23. The 1935 Constitution established the Commonwealth of the Philippines under continued U.S. sovereignty.
    True
24. Which precolonial polity is most clearly associated with the Mindanao sultanate tradition shaped by Islamization?
    Maguindanao Sultanate
25. A Spanish-era town complains that officials force locals to sell rice and other goods to the government at set prices. Which term best matches that practice?
    Bandala
26. Baybayin is an alphabet where each consonant and vowel has its own independent letter, like English.
    False
27. A wartime account mentions an anti-Japanese guerrilla force in Central Luzon whose name later became politically controversial. Which group is this?
    Hukbalahap
28. A civics class discusses an office that investigates and prosecutes corruption in government and is recognized as a constitutional body. Which office are they talking about?
    Office of the Ombudsman
29. The 1987 Constitution allows a president to be reelected for a second consecutive term.
    False
30. A revolt in northern Luzon erupted after a colonial monopoly restricted local sugarcane wine production. Which revolt does this describe?
    Basi Revolt
31. You’re reading about a period when the Philippines had an appointed Philippine Commission and, later, an elected Philippine Assembly, forming a bicameral legislature. Which U.S. law set up this structure?
    Philippine Organic Act
32. Under the Jones Law, the Governor-General was elected by Filipino voters.
    False
33. A textbook describes a “puppet republic” formed in Manila under Japanese occupation, with its own constitution and a Philippine president. What is the usual name for that wartime state?
    Second Philippine Republic
34. A revolutionary leader agrees to stop fighting and go into exile in Hong Kong in exchange for an indemnity and promises of reforms. Which agreement is being described?
    Pact of Biak-na-Bato
35. A town petition argues that parishes should be turned over from religious orders to Filipino diocesan priests, and that friars should not monopolize parish posts. Which late Spanish-era issue does this reflect?
    Secularization
36. For a long portion of the Spanish period, the Philippines was administered through which larger colonial unit based in Mexico?
    Viceroyalty of New Spain
37. Plank-built boats called balangay were excavated and became a key symbol of precolonial maritime life. They are most closely associated with which area?
    Butuan
38. A voter notices that part of the ballot is for party-list groups, designed to broaden representation in Congress. This feature is associated with which constitution?
    1987 Constitution
39. Jose Rizal was executed after being convicted of rebellion, sedition, and illegal association, even though he was not a Katipunan leader.
    True
40. A researcher finds references to a U.S. policy statement called “benevolent assimilation” that intensified tensions with the Aguinaldo government. What document is this?
    Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation
41. The “Code of Kalantiaw” is widely accepted by historians as an authentic 15th-century legal code from Panay.
    False
42. A wartime diary describes fear of the “Kempeitai,” known for interrogations and arrests. What were they?
    Kempeitai